Effectiveness of Exercise-Training on Frailty and the Specificity of Exercise Effectiveness on Frailty-Related Indices among Community Dwelling Robust, Pre-Frailty and Frailty Older Peoples

Sugie M^1,2,3*, Harada K^1,2, Takahashi T^1,3,4, Nara M^1,3,5, Kim H³, Koyama T⁶, Fujimoto H², Kyo S⁷ and Hideki Ito⁸

¹Department of Geriatrics, Geriatrics Health Promotion Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Sakae-Cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, Japan

²Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Sakae-Cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, Japan

³Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Sakae-Cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, Japan

⁴School of Health Science, Juntendo University, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan

⁵Japanese Association for Healthy Life Expectancy, Shibuya, Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo, Japan

⁶Department of Rehabilitation, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Sakae-Cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, Japan

⁷Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Sakae-Cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, Japan

⁸Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Sakae-Cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, Japan