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Yuxiang Sun
Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Mini Review
Thrifty Hormone Ghrelin: The Secret of Aging Muscularly
Author(s): Yuxiang Sun*
Sarcopenia is a debilitating muscle-wasting disease that is the major cause of frailty and disability in aging. Ghrelin (aka acylated ghrelin, AG) is a circulating peptide hormone with an unique octanoylation on Ser3. AG induces Growth Hormone (GH) secretion, increases food intake, and promotes adiposity and insulin resistance via its receptor, Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor (GHS-R). Unlike AG, Unacylated Ghrelin (UAG) is a peptide generated from the same ghrelin gene with amino acid sequence identical to AG but without the octanoylation modification, so UAG does not activate GHS-R. Intriguingly, both AG and UAG have been shown to promote differentiation and fusion of muscle C2C12 cells, regulate metabolic and mitochondrial signaling pathways in myotubes, and attenuate fasting or denervation-induced muscle atrophy. Furthermore, it has also been shown that ghrelin gene d.. View more»