Hereditary Genetics: Current Research

E-BABE- development of epigenetic cancer therapies are epigenetic determinants of cancer and cancer as an epigenetic illness

8^th World Congress on Epigenetics and Chromosome

August 17, 2021 | Webinar

Mehmet Eraslan

Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Science and Literature, Canakkale, Turkey

Scientific Tracks Abstracts: Hereditary Genet

Abstract:

Cancer is produced by the somatically heritable dysregulation of genes that regulate cell division, death, and movement from one region of the body to another. Genes can become activated during carcinogenesis in a way that promotes cell proliferation or inhibits cell death (oncogene). Genes can also become inactive, meaning they are no longer accessible to put a stop to these activities (tumor-suppressor gene). Cancer develops as a result of the interaction between these two groups of genes. TSGs can be inactivated in at least three ways: firstly, through mutations, which disable their functions; secondly, a gene can be completely lost and thus not available to work properly (loss of heterozygosity); and thirdly, a gene can be switched off in a somatically heritable manner by epigenetic changes, rather than by mutation of the DNA sequence. Deregulation of the epigenetic apparatus can result in epigenetic silence on various levels, including improper methylation of cytosine (C) residues in CpG sequence patterns found within regulatory areas regulating gene expression. Changes in histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs) or abnormalities in the activity of histone-modifying enzymes are also possible. Changes in the capacity of a protein to read histone marks and so bind to chromatin, as well as changes in the way nucleosome remodeling and histone exchange complexes operate, can occur. Finally, there have been alterations in regulating microRNA (miRNA) expression patterns. Epigenetic silencing has significant implications for cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Drugs that repair epigenetic alterations and restore gene function in cancer cells have now been authorized. Furthermore, because changes in DNA methylation may be identified with great sensitivity, several techniques can identify cancer early by looking for changes in DNA methylation. As a result, the potential for epigenetics to be used in human cancer research, diagnosis, prevention, and therapy is enormous.