Clinical Microbiology: Open Access

Study of Muscovy Duck Parvovirus by Phylogenetic Amino Acid Sequence Analysis

Anna Mato^* Departments of Pathology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
^*Correspondence: Anna Mato, Departments of Pathology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary, Email:

Received: 27-Jan-2023, Manuscript No. CMO-23-19930; Editor assigned: 30-Jan-2023, Pre QC No. CMO-23-19930(PQ); Reviewed: 15-Feb-2023, QC No. CMO-23-19930; Revised: 21-Feb-2023, Manuscript No. CMO-23-19930(R); Published: 28-Feb-2023, DOI: 10.35248/2327-5073.23.12.332

Description

Goslings and Muscovy ducklings that have waterfowl parvoviruses have severe morbidity and mortality, with mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80% and sometimes up to 95%. The majority of isolated Goose Parvovirus (GPV) and Muscovy Duck Parvovirus (MDPV) strains are harmful to young animals and highly virulent. Anorexia, prostration, watery diarrhoea, gastrointestinal symptoms, and mortality are the hallmarks of this illness. Both infected older birds and young birds that have survived exhibit growth retardation and degenerative skeletal muscle myopathy. The condition, also known as Derzsy's disease, has a significant financial impact on the care of ducks [1]. Additionally, in France, Hungary, Poland, and Taiwan, several unique GPV strains result in symptoms like small bills with projecting tongues and growth retardation in mule and Tsaiya ducks.

Based on its usual symptoms, the latter condition has been given the label Beak Atrophy and Dwarfism Syndrome (BADS). The linear, single-stranded DNA genome of waterfowl parvoviruses, which belong to the genus Anseriform dependoparvovirus 1 in the family Parvoviridae, is roughly 5 kb long. The genome has two significant Open Reading Frames (ORFs): the regulatory (Rep) protein is encoded by the left ORF, while the three capsid proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3 are by the right ORF [2]. The last two proteins, which share the same carboxy-terminal region as VP1, are produced through differential splicing. The host range, pathogenicity, and tropism of viruses are all significantly influenced by the capsid proteins. The genomic sequencing and analysis of the duck parvovirus, which is the cause of BADS, have not yet been reported [3]. Since March 2015, commercial Cherry Valley duck flocks in Northern China have been reported to have a moderately pathogenic Novel GPV-related Parvovirus (N-GPV). Ducks with classic BADS symptoms have a morbidity rate of 10% to 30% or even 50%. A shortened tibia, a somewhat depleted liver, watery diarrhoea, a swollen tongue, a swelling and haemorrhage in the thymus, and watery diarrhoea were among the additional clinical signs the sick ducks exhibited.

From four ill commercial Cherry Valley duck flocks in four herds (Gaotang, Dangshan, Peixian, and Zoucheng counties), a total of 37 visceral liver and 37 cloacal swab samples were taken. In the sick flocks, 40 cloacal swab samples were taken from healthy ducks. The afflicted ducks were discovered to have atrophied beaks, protruding tongues, and stunted growth. It was determined using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) study that a unique parvovirus was the disease's cause [4]. The full-length genome of SDLC01 was sequenced and virus isolation was done using the livers of sick ducks from four separate herds.

The sickness that quickly spread to neighbouring herds in Northern China was identified as being caused by a GPV-related virus based on a 661-base fragment of the VP3 genes of the virus [5]. In 2015, an ill Cherry Valley duckling in Shandong province, China, contained a unique strain of duck parvovirus related to GPV, which was given the name SDLC01. Complete genomic sequencing of the SDLC01 strain and phylogenetic comparison with historical waterfowl parvovirus isolates and vaccine strains were carried out in order to further understand the genetic diversity of the waterfowl parvovirus. We also looked at the virus's capacity to replicate in duck and goose embryos as well as in Duck Embryo Fibroblast (DEF) cells. The genome's nucleotide sequence and the ITR's nucleotide sequence were aligned with those of other GPV/MDPV strains. The isolate's Rep and VP1 amino acid sequences underwent thorough analysis.

References

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