Gene Technology

Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis: New Blood Test Method

Louise John^* Department of Immunogenetics, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
^*Correspondence: Louise John, Department of Immunogenetics, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Email:

Received: 04-Aug-2021 Published: 25-Aug-2021, DOI: 10.35248/2329-6682.21.10.171

Description

Colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when the cells in the colon or rectum divide abnormally. It can then lead to the formation of malignant tumors. Cancer begins as a growth or a lesion that lines the inner surface of a colon or rectum. It can appear as a flat or slightly indented scar.

Colon cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant disease and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. With better living standards and changing eating habits, the incidence of colorectal cancer in China has increased steadily in recent years. Screening for CRC effectively reduces mortality by removing polyps and other precancerous lesions or early detection of CRC.

Non-invasive stool-based DNA methylation tests are a new approach to detecting colorectal cancer (CRC); however, its feasibility for the early detection of CRC and precancerous lesions in the Chinese population remains inconclusive.

Risk of Colorectal Cancer

• Inflammatory bowel disease.

• Family members with history of cancer.

• A genetic syndrome such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) external icon or hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome).

Factors that Contribute to Colorectal Cancer

• Lack of regular physical activity.

• A diet low in fruit and vegetables.

• A low-fibre and high-fat diet, or a diet high in processed meats.

• Overweight and obesity.

• Alcohol consumption.

• Tobacco use.

Blood Test

New research shows it can also detect precancerous, progressive colorectal adenomas (AA). The ability to detect advanced adenomas is important because we can remove them before they become cancerous, diagnose AAS with 41% sensitivity and 41%, 90% specificity.

The accuracy of the CTC blood test in detecting early signs of colorectal cancer and pre-cancerous stages is promising. This method could be an easy and less invasive way to screen for cancer. The researchers believe that this technique may be to diagnose different types of cancer. Aside from breast cancer, it can use to screen for other cancers such as lung and prostate.

A new test for detecting AAs had a significantly higher sensitivity than the faecal immunochemical test. The Epi procolon is a blood test that can diagnose AAs in patients with diabetes. It was approved by the FDA to detect mSEPT9. Machine learning techniques are being used to analyse the circulating DNA, methylation, and proteins of free samples from cancer patients. Through this process, they can detect the presence of tumourand immune-derived proteins that can trigger the early detection of cancer.

Conclusion

In the conventional view other blood tests that claim to detect various types of cancer still are not approved for use. This paper mainly focused on detecting a specific type of cancer. The new test, which is the only blood test, is currently used for colon cancer screening, exhibited better sensitivity than the mSEPT9 test. It was also comparable to the FIT-DNA test. Multiomics signatures combine signatures from both tumour and nontumour- derived sources, which enables us to detect double the number of AAs as methylation only approaches.