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Vaccines for arboviral diseases and other emerging infections
10th Euro Global Summit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination
June 16-18, 2016 Rome, Italy
Giovanni Rezza
Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Italy
Posters & Accepted Abstracts: J Vaccines Vaccin
Abstract:
In the last decades, several viruses emerged, after cross species passage from animal reservoirs and then spreading in human populations or expanding their geographical area of activity from their original ecological niche to new lands and continents. While the former viruses such as Ebola and SARS/MERS-CoV are completely new for humans, many arboviruses represent paradigmatic examples of microorganisms which found the conditions for their spread in previously unaffected areas inhabited by completely susceptible population, increasing their epidemic potential. In this group, we find several agents transmitted by Aedes spp. mosquitoes from dengue to chikungunya or Zika. Mosquito control activities may be successful in controlling local outbreaks occurring in temperate areas but do not appear to be able to mitigate large epidemics in tropical areas. Thus, the availability of safe and effective vaccines is essential to keep virus circulation under control. Although there are several vaccine against flaviviruses (i.e., against yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis and TBE), there are no vaccine available against dengue and Zika virus and no vaccines against an important Alphavirus such as chikungunya. This may appear quite surprising, since technological advances are likely to allow the development of such vaccines. However, there are several bottlenecks that need to be considered from the lack of investments and financial resources to the epidemic dynamics of these viral infections that make the conduction of large efficacy trials scarcely feasible. To deal with these problems, a global commitment is needed; public/private partnership is essential to develop vaccine candidates and make them available.
Biography :
Email: Giovanni.rezza@iss.it