Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology

Screening snail fauna for determination of their role in trematode transmission

5^th International Conference on PARASITOLOGY & MICROBIOLOGY

July 12-13, 2018 Paris, France

Jalal Ud Din Nasar

Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam, Pakistan

Posters & Accepted Abstracts: J Bacteriol Parasitol

Abstract:

Snails belong to a large and highly different group of invertebrate that act as intermediate hosts of different trematode parasites which complete some developmental stages such as sporocyst, rediae and cercariae that are ready to infect the definitive host. The ratio of snails that discharge cercariae (prevalence of infection) & each infected snail can release the number of cercariae (intensity of infection) play significant roles in the transmission of trematodes from the snail host Arijo et al., (2005). There are many species of snails that play vital role in trematode transmission. Only Lymnaea group of snails is involved in establishing of life cycle in at least 71 species of trematodes. Other species of snails also transmit various trematode parasites of livestock and birds. For example, Indoplanorbis exustus (a species of snail) is responsible for the transmission of Schistosoma nasale, Schistosoma spindale and Schistosoma indicum I (all trematodes) as well as other trematodes such as Echinostoma spp. and some spirorchids (bacterium). There are many biotic and abiotic factors that pay role in transmission. Age and size of snails, light conditions, temperature ranges, and depth of water are some of the dynamics that appear to affect the prevalence and intensity of digenetic trematode infections in the snail intermediate hosts (Tigga et al., 2014). The intermediate host snails in general is an essential stage in the life-cycle many trematode parasite species. Cercariae that originate from snails infected cyst spores, the second infect susceptible snail intermediate host through migration to the kidneys of snail where they develop and grow to form meta-cercariae (Subba-Rao, 1993). Bulinus is a genus of small tropical freshwater snails. They are aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae. This genus is known to transmit pathogens to both humans and their livestock. Several species of Bulinus snail function as intermediate hosts for the Schistosomiasis, which is caused by unisexual trematode which lives in blood vessels of the victim (Kiran et al., 2013). Oncomelania is a genus of very small tropical freshwater snails. They are aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Pomatiopsidae. they can carry the Schistosomiasis blood fluke parasite, and the paragonimus lung fluke parasites. The miracidia reproduce asexually through sporocyst stages within these intermediate hosts, resulting in the production of many free-swimming cercariae (Riley et al., 2008).