Cardiovascular Pharmacology: Open Access

Pathology of cardiomyopathies: A tertiary care centre experience

Joint Event on Heart Failure, Pediatric Cardiology & Nursing Education

February 18-19, 2019 | Amsterdam, Netherlands

Uma Nahar Saikia, Ajay Bahl, Mrinalini Sharma, Baijayantimala Mishra and K K Talwar

Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India

Posters & Accepted Abstracts: Cardiovasc Pharm Open Access

Abstract:

Introduction: Cardiomyopathies (CMP) are diseases of the heart muscle. They are defined by the presence of abnormal myocardial structure and/or function in the absence of ischemic heart disease or rheumatic heart disease. Traditionally divided into two main categories: Primary cardiomyopathy: (Idiopathic) heart muscle disease of unknown cause; secondary cardiomyopathy: heart muscle disease of known cause or associated with disorders of other systems/drugs. Most common encountered types of cardiomyopathies include familial, hypertrophic, dilated and restrictive cardiomyopathy based on clinical, echocardiography and histological features.

Methods & Results: The study was retrospective over a period of 10 years. All cases with clinical diagnosis of cardiomyopathy that were autopsied after an informed consent from relatives of the deceased were studied in detail. A total of 50 cases of dilated CMP, one hypertrophic CMP, 11 restrictive CMP and 40 cases of ischemic CMP’s were included in the study. In all the cases, a detailed gross examination of the heart was done with microscopy. Histochemistry and immunohistochemistry was done in cases wherever required. In addition, ultra structural study and viral genome detection was done in dilated cardiomyopathy cases. All DCM cases had 2-4 chamber dilatations with mural thrombi with thinning of the wall. The ischemic cases had ventricular hypertrophy with scarring and severe coronary artery disease. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy revealed marked septal hypertrophy with increased muscle mass of the left ventricle. Of all the restrictive CMP’s, 10 showed amyloid depositions and one case had hypereosinophilic syndrome.

Conclusion: Cardiomyopathies are not so rare in Asian countries, dilated being the most common type. Detailed molecular work up in these cases may help to find the exact etiology of these cases. The genotype and phenotype of the diseases may be different and hence histology is mandatory in such cases.