Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology

Macrophage polarization and chronic bacterial infectious diseases

2^nd International Conference on Clinical Microbiology & Microbial Genomics

September 16-17, 2013 Hampton Inn Tropicana, Las Vegas, NV, USA

Jean-Louis Mege

Scientific Tracks Abstracts: J Microb Biochem Technol

Abstract:

The activation of macrophages is a key for the success or the failure of the host response to pathogen aggression. Based on limited numbers of markers, activated macrophages have been classified as M1 (microbicidal) and M2 (immunoregulatory) macrophages. But this model of activation cannot be used to follow infected patients in whom only monocytes are easily investigable. The use of high-throughput gene expression methods afforded a reappraisal of the polarization. While macrophages are polarized in response to M1 or M2 polarizing agonists, monocytes exhibit early polarization followed by a late pattern of common activation that cannot be reduced to M1/M2 polarization. We are proposing a kinetic model including early and late signatures for monocyte activation in normal and pathological conditions. We investigated Q fever as a model of chronic bacterial infectious disease. While the polarization was accurate for the analysis of monocyte and macrophage response to Coxiella burnetii , the agent of Q fever, it failed to assess monocyte activation in the clinical presentation of Q fever. The early signature enables the assessment of monocyte response in acute Q fever. The late signature is enriched in patients who develop a chronic Q fever. The use of a dynamic approach enables the identification of new biomarkers associated with bacterial infectious diseases in which monocytes and/or macrophages are involved. These findings also underline the contribution of omics approach in the pathophysiology of infectious diseases.

Biography :

Jean-Louis Mege serves as a lead of the team ?Gender, pregnancy and infectious diseases? in CNRS Unit (UMR 7278). He is having 149 publications and 28 didactic publications. In 2004 he served as a Director of the Master program ?Human Pathology? which includes 6 research specialities (Cancer, Infectious Diseases, Health and Genomics, Health and Environment, Nutrition, Ethics and Society) and 2 professional specialties. He is a member of French Society for Immunology, Society for Leukocyte Biology, American Society for Microbiology, and European Cytokine Society.