Journal of Allergy & Therapy

Immune tolerance in and outside the gut for the control of allergy

7^th International Conference on Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology

September 14-15, 2016 Amsterdam, Netherlands

Dominique Kaiserlian

INSERM, France

Keynote: J Allergy Ther

Abstract:

Oral tolerance is a physiological mechanism of immune regulation that prevents chronic allergic and inflammatory diseases. We previously reported that regulatory CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells (Treg) and dedicated subsets of intestinal dendritic cells control both mucosal and skin inflammatory responses by inhibiting pro-allergenic and pro-inflammatory T-cells, including both Th1-type CD4+ and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. We showed earlier in mouse models of contact dermatitis to xenobiotics and of food allergy to cow�??s milk protein (mediated by pathogenic CD8 and CD4 effector T-cells, respectively), that gavage with the relevant allergen activates Treg, which control the sensitization or the elicitation phase of these delayed-type hypersensitivity (type IV DTH) reactions. More recently, we documented using transgenic mice allowing for conditional ablation of Treg and cell biotherapy, that Treg can also alleviate anaphylaxis and immediate-type hypersensitivity (Type-I ITH) by inhibiting mast cells degranulation in vivo. Interestingly, Toll-like receptors sensing gut flora components are mandatory for oral tolerance induction and inhibition of Type IV DTH to xenobiotics, by promoting the tolerogenic function of gut dendritic cells. Finally, in a clinical study in human neonates allergic to cow�??s milk, we found that spontaneous acquisition of oral tolerance with time is associated with a dramatic change in the gut microbiota and a subset of Treg that distinguishes Type I and Type IV allergic patients. We propose that Treg A essential for induction and maintenance of oral tolerance and control the severity of allergic disorders. Biotherapies promoting Treg dynamic and suppressive function may be valuable for alleviation of allergic diseases.

Biography :

Dominique Kaiserlian has completed her PhD in Immunology at the Necker Hospital and Pierre et Marie Curie University in Paris and Postdoctoral studies in Mucosal Immunology and Gastroenterology at University of Alabama in Birmingham and at UCSD, CA. She was recruited as Research Director at INSERM, Head of ‘Mucosal Immunity, Vaccination and Biotherapy’ Laboratory in Lyon, France. She has published more than 125 papers and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of Frontiers in Immunology. Her pioneer research work concerns the role of the gut-liver axis in mucosal and systemic immune regulation and outcome for biotherapy of human diseases and vaccination strategies.

Email: dominique.kaiserlian@inserm.fr