Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology

Fungal genetics and functional diversity in soil under long-term monoculture of maize in different cultivation techniques

Joint Event on 4^th World Congress and Expo on Applied Microbiology & 2^nd International Conference on Food Microbiology

November 29-December 01, 2017 Madrid, Spain

Anna Galazka, Jaroslaw Grzadziel, Rafal Galazka, Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga, Bozena Smreczak and Aleksandra Ukalska

Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Poland

Posters & Accepted Abstracts: J Microb Biochem Technol

Abstract:

Fungal diversity in soil may be limited under natural conditions by inappropriate environmental factors such as: nutrient resources, biotic and abiotic factors, tillage system and interspecies interactions prevent the occurrence or maintenance of the species in the environment. The aim of this work was to determinate fungal genetics and community level physiological profiling total microorganisms in soil under long-term maize monoculture. The reaction of maize cultivated in perennial monoculture for the direct sowing was investigated and compared to full tillage monoculture, reduce tillage and crop rotation in two levels: before sowing and flowering phase of maize growth. Four objects were included in this research: maize cropped continuously in monoculture - zero tillage, maize monoculture cropped continuously ��? full tillage, crop rotation (spring barley, winter wheat, maize with full tillage and reduce tillage. The study included fungal genetic diversity assessment by ITS-1 Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) analyses as well as the characterization of the catabolic potential of microbial communities in soil under long-term monoculture of maize in different cultivation techniques. The soil metabolome was based on the Biolog EcoPlate. The results obtained from the ITS-1 NGS techniques enabled to classify and correlate the fungi species or genus to the soil metabolom. The usefulness of metagenomics was emphasized in assessment fungal diversity in soil collected from spring (before sowing) and summer (flowering stage) in different cultivation techniques.The research methods used in this subject have contributed to a better understanding of genetic diversity and composition of the population of fungi in the soil environment under the influence of the changes that have taken in soil under long-term maize cultivation. This study suggested that: (1) fungal diversity was changed under the influence different cultivation techniques; (2) cultivation techniques can alter fungal core microbiome in soil under long-term monoculture of maize. Maize cultivated in direct sowing did not cause drastic changes in the fungal structure making it more stable even during seasonal changes; (3) full tillage and crop rotation may change fungal soil microbiome and soil function. The biggest changes in fungal genetic core microbiome were observed in full tillage maize cultivation.

Biography :

Anna Ga�?�?zka, PhD is the Head of the Department of Agricultural Microbiology at IUNG (since 2013). She is specialized in the evaluation of microbial diversity of soils associated with agricultural practice and environmental protection (research in molecular biology; evaluation of genetic differentiation and identification of microorganisms and characterization of metabolic profile of bacteria and fungi). She is participating in international and several national projects in IUNG, coordinating research project on biological activity and determination of microbial diversity of soil. She was a Task Manager in aiming project, “Developing new system of tillage for sustainable agriculture” (2010-2013) – Determination of biological activity in soils and executor in projects: Evaluation of usefulness of Azospirillum spp. and Pseudomonas stutzeri inoculum in increasing of phytoremediation; Risk and benefits of application of exogenous organic matter on soil. She was in training of “Genomic of Nitrogen-Fixation Organisms” in 2008, Ghent, Belgium and participated in numerous courses and trainings in the field of Molecular Biology and Microbiology. She works with NJF Nordic Association of Agricultural Scientists and she was a keynote speaker on seminar held at Vezaiciai, Lithuania and discussed on the topic “Application of soil biological and biochemical parameters as indicator of soil health and fertility as influenced by different agrotechnical practices”. She is a Member of Polish Microbiological Society since 2004 and author over 50 publications.