Journal of Blood Disorders & Transfusion

Anemia and its prevalent factors in gestation with skin problems

6^th International Conference on Hematology

October 03-05, 2016 Orlando, USA

Narmeen Shahid

Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan

Posters & Accepted Abstracts: J Blood Disord Transfus

Abstract:

Background: Anemia affects more than 2.5 billion population globally, accounting for more than 35% of the global population. It is a major public health concern in gestation specifically in developing countries like Pakistan. Anemia is considered severe when hemoglobin concentration is <7.0 g/dL, moderate 7.0-9.9 g/dL and mild 10.0-11 g/dL. Anemia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in gestation and has maternal and fetal consequences. Objective: To determine the prevalence of anemia, its risk factors and outcomes in gestation. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted and a sample of 100 patients was selected. Anemic and non-anemic patients were matched on the grounds of age, parity and child birth data. Sample size was estimated by using the World Health Organization (WHO) software where α=5%, 1-β=90, P1=0.05, P2=0.10, n (sample size)=100. Outcome variable was prevalence of iron deficiency anemia defined as <11 g/dL, plasma ferritin <12 mcg/l or zinc protoporphyrin >35 mcg/dl. Clinical variables with p <0.05 were considered statistically significant and adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI was calculated and were entered in multivariate logistic regression model to determine association. Prevalence of anemia, no education, absence of iron supplementation in gestation and skin problems (pruritis, angular cheilitis, pale skin) were defined in reduced and full models of ANOVA in regression analysis. (Reduced model Y=β0+β1X1 + �? and the full model Y=β0+β1X1+β2X2+β3X3+ �?). Results: Iron deficiency anemia was high 47% if Hb <10.5 g/dl and was statistically significant high 60% in infants of anemic mothers. Educational status [odds ratio (OR) 1.17; 95% (CI): 1.07-1.20], iron supplementation during gestation [(OR) 1.64; 95% (CI): 1.45-1.82], skin problems (pale skin, angular cheilitis, tongue swollen smooth with burning sensation) [odds ratio (OR) 2.78; 95% (CI): 2.17-3.20]. (Reduced model Y= β0+β1 Iron deficiency anemia+ �? and the full model Y=β0+β1 Iron deficiency anemia+β2 Educational status+β3 Skin problems (pale skin, angular cheilitis, tongue swollen smooth with burning sensation+�?). Maternal Hb and serum ferritin showed a highly significant positive correlation (r=0.81; p<0.001) mentioning that iron deficiency anemia was the most significant factor for anemia in gestation. Maternal Hb also showed a significant correlation with placental weight (r=0.64; p<0.001), birth weight (r=0.73; p<0.001) and APGAR score (r=0.78; p<0.001). Maternal serum ferritin also positively correlated with cord ferritin (r=0.85; p<0.001). Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia and its risk factors have a statistically significant adverse effect on gestation and fetal outcome.

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