Biology and Medicine

Pathogenesis of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Abdul Salam^* Department of Oncology, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
^*Correspondence: Abdul Salam, Department of Oncology, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia, Email:

Received: 28-Mar-2022, Manuscript No. BLM-22-16570; Editor assigned: 31-Mar-2022, Pre QC No. BLM-22-16570(PQ); Reviewed: 14-Apr-2022, QC No. BLM-22-16570; Revised: 21-Apr-2022, Manuscript No. BLM-22-16570(R); Published: 28-Apr-2022, DOI: 10.35248/0974-8369.22.14.483

Description

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most common type of ovarian cancer. About 90 of 100 ovarian tumors lead to epithelial ovarian cancer. Epithelial ovarian cancer means that the cancer has started from the surface layer that covers the ovaries. There are different types of epithelial ovarian cancer. In addition to the type and stage of ovarian cancer is very important. They help to determine the treatment for the person. The cancer begins in the epithelial tissue, which is a thin inner layer that lines the outside of the ovaries.

Cancer can also occur on the inner wall of the fallopian tubes. Alternatively, it can start with the peritoneum, the tissue that covers the organs in the abdomen. Ovarian cancer is a group of cancers that occur in the ovaries. These organs are part of the female reproductive system. Most women have two ovaries that produce eggs and hormones. The ovaries are a pair of organs in the female reproductive system. They are in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus (a hollow pear-shaped organ in which the fetus grows). The fallopian tubes are a pair of long, slender tubes, one on each side of the uterus. Eggs pass from the ovaries, through the fallopian tubes, to the uterus. Cancer sometimes begins at the end of the fallopian tube near the ovary and spreads to the ovary. The peritoneum is the tissue that lines the abdominal wall and covers organs in the abdomen. Primary peritoneal cancer is cancer that begins in the peritoneum and has not spread to other parts of the body. Cancer begins in the peritoneum and can spread to the ovaries.

The ovaries are a pair of organs in the female reproductive system. They are in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus (a hollow pear-shaped organ in which the fetus grows). The fallopian tubes are a pair of long, slender tubes, one on each side of the uterus. Eggs pass from the ovaries, through the fallopian tubes, to the uterus. Cancer sometimes begins at the end of the fallopian tube near the ovary and spreads to the ovary. The peritoneum is the tissue that lines the abdominal wall and covers organs in the abdomen. Primary peritoneal cancer is cancer that begins in the peritoneum and has not spread to other parts of the body. Cancer begins in the peritoneum and can spread to the ovaries. The egg moves from the ovary through the fallopian tubes to the uterus. Ovarian cancer is the second most common type of cancer that affects the female reproductive system, gynecologic cancer. Uterine cancer (endometrial cancer) is also one type of cancer seen in women. Women have a 1-78th lifetime risk of developing ovarian cancer. By 2021, more than 21,400 people had ovarian cancer. Epithelial ovarian cancer accounts for more in the people. More than half of cases of epithelial ovarian cancer affect people over the age of 65. About three-quarters of epithelial ovarian cancers are high-grade serous ovarian cancers. High-grade cancer cells grow and spread faster than low-grade cancer cells. Experts assume that high-grade serous ovarian cancers will grow slowly at first. It starts with your fallopian tubes. It can take up to six and a half years to reach the ovaries. As soon as the cancer enters the ovaries, it spreads. Cancer often affects the peritoneum and other parts of the body. Approximately 70% of high-grade serous ovarian cancers are stage 3 or 4 at diagnosis. This means that the cancer has spread outside the original tumor and is now a metastatic cancer.

Medical professionals consider fallopian tube cancer and primary peritoneal cancer to be epithelial ovarian cancer. Illnesses have much in common, including treatment. The stage of the cancer indicates how far the cancer has grown. Epithelial ovarian cancer has four stages from 1 to 4. These stages identified by development of cells present under a microscope. The less developed the appearance of the cells, the higher the grade. High-grade cancer grows faster than low-grade cancer. Serous epithelial ovarian cancer is the most common form. Doctor looks for diagnosis of cancer under a microscope. They grade cancer based on how the tumor cells resemble normal tissue. High-grade serous ovarian cancer and Low-grade serous ovarian cancer are 2 types of ovarian cancers.

High-grade serous ovarian cancers originate from cells at the end of the fallopian tubes, not on the surface of the ovaries. These early cancer cells then spread and grow in the ovaries. Endometrial ovarian cancer is the second most common type of epithelial ovarian cancer. It may be associated with endometriosis. Most cases of endometrial ovarian cancer are diagnosed early and are of low grade. Ovarian epithelial cancer, fallopian tube cancer, and primary peritoneal cancer are diseases in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissue that covers or lines the ovary, fallopian tubes, or peritoneum. Ovarian epithelial cancer, fallopian tube cancer, and primary peritoneal cancer are formed in the same type of tissue and are treated in the same way. Women with a family history of ovarian cancer are at increased risk of ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer, and primary peritoneal cancer are caused by hereditary genetic mutations (changes). Women at high risk for ovarian cancer may consider surgery to reduce their risk. Signs and symptoms of ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer include abdominal pain and swelling. Tests that examine the ovarian and pelvic areas are used to diagnose and classify ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancers. Certain factors influence treatment options and prognosis (health potential). Ovarian epithelial cancer, fallopian tube cancer, and primary peritoneal cancer are diseases in which malignant (cancer) cells are formed in the tissues that line the ovaries and the tissues that line the fallopian tubes and the peritoneum.