Biology and Medicine

Neurodevelopmental Disease: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Developing Children’s

Joshua A. Gordon^* Director of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) at the University of California, San Francisco, USA
^*Correspondence: Joshua A. Gordon, Director of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) at the University of California, San Francisco, USA, Email:

Received: 03-Dec-2021 Published: 13-Dec-2021

Editorial

Attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic disease that affects millions of children and often persists into adulthood. ADHD involves a combination of permanent problems such as difficulty maintaining wakefulness, hyperactivity, and impulsive behaviour. Children with ADHD can also suffer from low self-esteem, dysfunctional relationships, and poor grades. Some people do not go beyond the symptoms of ADHD completely, but they can learn strategies for success.

Children with ADHD have a persistent pattern of the following symptoms:

• Inattention means that it can be difficult for a person to continue working, focus, and maintain an organization. These issues are not due to rebellion or lack of understanding.

• Hyperactivity means that a person appears to be constantly moving. This includes improper situations, fidgeting, typing, and over-speaking situations. For adults, hyperactivity means extreme restlessness and over speaking.

• Impulsivity means that a person can act without thinking or has difficulty controlling them. Impulsivity also includes the inability to delay the desire and satisfaction of immediate rewards. Impulsive people can interfere with others or make important decisions without considering the long-term consequences.

Inattention

Inattention children usually show symptoms that are overlooked or overlooked in detail and make seemingly negligent mistakes at school, work, or other activities. It's difficult to stay alert while playing games, talking, giving lectures, reading for long periods of time, and so on. Avoid tasks that require sustained mental exertion, such as homework or teenagers.

Hyperactivity-Impulsivity

Children with symptoms of hyperactivity impulsivity cannot play quietly or pursue hobbies, such as in the classroom, excessively speaking, talking, playing games, or activities. Most children with ADHD are diagnosed during elementary school. Symptoms of ADHD appear between the ages of 3 and 6 and can last from adolescence to adulthood. Symptoms of ADHD can be mistaken for emotional or disciplinary problems, or completely overlooked in children who are primarily inattentive, and can delay diagnosis. Adults with undiagnosed ADHD may have poor academic performance, work problems, or a history of relationship difficulties or failures.

Treatment and Therapies

Treatments include medication, psychotherapy, education or training, or a combination of treatments.

Medication

For many, ADHD medications reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity, improving concentration, work style, and study. You may need to try several different medications and dosages before finding the right medication for a particular person.

Stimulants: The most common type of drug used to treat ADHD is called a "stimulant." Treating ADHD with what appears to be a stimulant may seem unusual, but it works by increasing the brain chemicals dopamine and norepinephrine, which are essential for thinking.

Non-stimulants: Some other ADHD drugs are not stimulants. Although these drugs take longer to act than stimulants, they can also improve concentration, arousal, and impulsivity in people with ADHD. Doctors can prescribe non-stimulants: when a person experiences annoying side effects from stimulants, when stimulants are not effective, or when combined with stimulants to make it more effective.