Research - (2019) Volume 8, Issue 2

Interface Liquid-Solid: Global Bifurcation Multiparameter of Flow Water Waves through Porous Compacted Granular by “Yakam Matrix”
Leonard Kabeya-Mukeba Y*
 
ASEAD Academy of Sciences & Engineering for Africa Development, P.O. Box 6534 Kin 31, DRC & ESU/Institute Superior of Techniques Applied ISTA-Kinshasa, Mechanical Engineering, Kin Ndolo, Congo
 
*Correspondence: Leonard Kabeya-Mukeba Y, ASEAD Academy of Sciences & Engineering for Africa Development, P.O. Box 6534 Kin 31, DRC & ESU/Institute Superior of Techniques Applied ISTA-Kinshasa, Mechanical Engineering, Kin Ndolo, Congo, Tel: +243 818149828, Email:

Received: 11-Sep-2019 Published: 27-Nov-2019

Abstract

The construction of the tourbillon balls is fundamentally well known to Constatin and Strauss. In this work, we apply the flow of water through the compacted granular, in order to arrive at a model of passage in confinement and stagnation through the pores. An approach agrees of the advanced theory of water waves and the application of dynamics in microfluidics is discussed to improve “ASEAD Project water for everybody”. The approximation solution of nonlinear stochastic partial differential equation for only element of “Yakam Matrix” liquid-solid interface by simple understanding bifurcation behavior will follow the some trajectory of waves of water, granular compaction and dynamics of fluids at all scales, then we are still just at the beginning.

Keywords

Water; Flow; Bifurcation; Multivariable; Granular; Pores; Yakam Matrix

Introduction

In many cases, we find differential equations and partial differential equations, which justify the different variations of physical, chemical, biological or other phenomena, using five well-known physical states of matter. These are: the solid state (s), the liquid state (l), the gaseous state (g), the plasma state and the colloidal state. These states allowed us to build a matrix called Yakam introduced for the first time in 2007 [1].

We consider the Stokes equation governing the velocity and pressure of an incompressible creeping flow, subject to the gravity, in a domain Ω, open bounded subset of Rd. As the flow is supposed to be sufficiently slow to neglect the advection compared to the diffusion, the momentum balance equation reduces to imageimage

With the stress tensor image Consisting of a viscous stress tensor and pressure term with I the identity matrix of Md (R). The incompressible constraint (x,,)=0. Moreover, the relation between liquid and granular through pores of Nano diameters gave supplemented with boundary conditions dΩ. In practice one cylinder with three dimensional in viscid gravity waves at the surface of layer of water with a flat bottom is the build case.

This interface helps the simple Setup, where undisturbed state of flat surface equation is y=0 and the flat bottom is given by y=-d for some d>0. In the presence of waves, let y=n(t, x) be the free surface and let (u(t, x, y, z)), v(t, x, y, z), w(t, x, y, z)) be the velocity field (Figure 1). If P (t, x, y, z) denotes the pressure, Po the constant atmospheric pressure, and g is the gravitational constant of acceleration, the governing equations [2,3] are:

Mechanical-Engineering-Interface-solid

Figure 1: Interface liquid-solid-drinking water.

image

Where, k is the thermal conductivity of media. Substitution of Fourier’s relation gives the following basic flow equation:

image

The specified pressure, volume and ambient temperature are image The specified flow image and the convection boundary conditions is image on S3.

For coupled phenomena’s during interaction near the granular the contact with solid gives image where σ is Stephan-Boltzmann constant, ε is the surface emission coefficient; α is the surface absorption coefficient and qr is coming flow per unit surface area. For transient problems it is necessary to specify a pressure field for a body at the time t=0; θ(x, y, z, 0)=θ0(x, y, z).

image

The boundary conditions for the water wave problem are P=P0 on y= image

Given c>0, we are looking for periodic waves traveling at speed c. The profile η oscillates around the flat surface y=0 and the horizontal fluid velocity u is less than c at every point. For convenience we shall take the length scale to be 2π . Define the (relative) stream function image with image on the free surface, and let image be the vorticity image At least locally, away from a stagnation point (a point where u=c, v=d, w=0), ω is a function of Ψ . We will assume that there is a functionγ , called the vorticity function, such that ω =γ (ψ ) throughout the fluid. Thus, Δψ = −γ (ψ ). We define the relative mass flux as image , which is independent of x by (2). Since image Let image have minimum value image Let image be the closure of the open fluid domain image Given as set E with a smooth boundary, define for ∈N and α ∈ (0,1) the space image of functions image with Holder continuous derivatives ( of index α) up to order m and of period 2π in the x, y and z variables. Our main results are as follows (Figure 2).

Mechanical-Engineering-Main-results

Figure 2: Main results with the x, y and z variables.

Theorem 1

Let the wave speed c>0, the relative mass flow po<0 and an arbitrary α∈ (0,1) be given. Let y(s) be a C1+α function defined on [0,|po|] Such that image And image

Consider traveling solution of speed c of the water wave problem (1)–(2) with vorticity function such that u<c throughout the fluid. There exists a connected set C of solutions (u,,,) in the Space image appropriated to Sobolev Space for Nonlinear Partial Differential Equation, with the following properties.

1. C contains a trivial flow (with a flat surface η=0 );

There is a sequence of solutions image for which image

Furthermore, each solution image satisfies.

1. It is easily that image have period 2π in axis of gravitation z;

2. Within each period the wave profile η has a single maximum (crest) at x=a, say, and a single minimum (through);

3. That u and η are symmetric while v is antisymmetric around the line x=a;

4. image, i.e., the profile of the wave is strictly decreasing from crest to trough.

Therom 2

(i) We make the same assumptions as in theorem 1, except we do not assume (4). Then there exists a connected set C with the same properties as in Theorem 1, except that 5 ii) is replaced by (B*) there is a sequence (Un) at either image

Discussion

History of Stokes

In 1847 Stokes [4] studied irrotational periodic traveling water waves and some of their nonlinear approximations. The flat approach was developed Levi-civita [5] and Struik [6]. Nevertheless in this work we construct a global continuum of such regular solutions with general vorticity. After that no other bifurcation point λ* can have this nodal pattern and the pattern persists all along C the nonlinear boundary condition. We reduce the alternative (a) that C is unbounded in image to the condition that image is unbounded in image, then we prove that h is successively bounded in image and finally in image in image Here we use the Schauder estimates and several basic a priori estimates of Lieberman and Trudinger [7] for nonlinear elliptic equation with nonlinear oblique boundary conditions.

Application

Thus alternatives are reduced to (a*) either image is unbounded in L∞ (R), or (c) C contains in its closure a solution where image vanishes. Then we return to the original problem in the form of the Euler equation. Under assumption (4) we eliminate the last possibility (c) However, (a*) means that max image, while (c) means that min imagefor some sequence of solutions.

Compacted granular

Granular matter has been the subject of numerous studies since two last decades [G1-G2] for two–dimensional granular system [G2] and some the propagation of two-dimensional [G3] inviscid gravity waves at the surface of a layer of water with a flat botton.

Many manipulations of granular by compaction to properties powders are well-known, but the manipulation the adhesion liquid onto compacted granular in four different scales: macroscopic scale, mesoscopic scale, microscopic scale and nanoscale is very complex and present the nonlinearity of behaviour waves water onto substrates solid of compacted granular throughout the porous. Interface liquid-solid generate by nonlinear dynamical system. The models developed can help to understand and make predictions about effects induced by multipara meters change such onto during flow liquid, stagnation and flow in porous of granular and amplitude of periodic stimulus. The multi-disciplinary team of scientists and support staff whose aim is to investigate the occurrence of scrapie in the water of world population and to provide advice on the control of penery of drinking water in the future. We do not understand if the complex of element‘s “Yakam Matrix” can in physical sciences; scientific understanding has been expressed in elegant theoretical constructs and has led to revolutionary technological innovation [8-11]. If the advances in understanding bifurcation behavior of liquid-solid interface of “Yakam Matrix” will follow the some trajectory of waves of water, granular compaction and dynamics of fluids at all scales, then we are still just at the beginning “Yakam Matrix”.

The study of networks pervades all of science, from fluids mechanics. The nonlinear dynamics: systems can often be modelled by differential equations dx/dt=v(x), where x(t)=(x1(t), …, Xn(t)) is a vector of state variables, t is time, and v(x)=(V1(x),…, Vn(x)) is a vector of functions that encode the dynamics.

Terminology and Concepts

image

Where image is the phase of the ith oscillator and i ω is its natural frequency, chosen at random from a lorentzian probability density image of width γ and mean image. Using an ingenious self-consistency argument, Kuramoto solved for the order parameter that image(a convenient measure of the extent of synchronization) in the limit image and image He found that image

Where image In order words, the oscillation and stagnation of water through porous of granular are desynchronized completely until the coupling strength K exceeds a critical value kc . After that, the population splits into a partially synchronized three dimensional state.

image

Conclusion

The partials derivatives of x, y, z, in respect to u, v, w are found by differentiation of displacement of water through porous of granulars.

image

We limit our investigation in Hilbert-Sobolev Spaces specified by image

For our study image “noyau” of operator of image in image

REFERENCES

Citation: Kabeya-Mukeba LY (2019) Interface Liquid-Solid: Global Bifurcation Multi-parameter of Flow Water Waves through Porous Compacted Granular by “Yakam Matrix”. J Appl Mech Eng. 8:321. doi: 10.35248/2168-9873.19.8.321

Copyright: © 2019 Kabeya-Mukeba LY. This is an open access article distributed under the term of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.