International Journal of Waste Resources

Degradation of Landfill in Biodiversity and its Overexploitation of Natural Resources

Elumalai Uthandi^* Department of Environmental Sustainable Energy, University of Zululand, Kwa Dlangezwa, South Africa
^*Correspondence: Elumalai Uthandi, Department of Environmental Sustainable Energy, University of Zululand, Kwa Dlangezwa, South Africa, Email:

Received: 05-Jul-2022, Manuscript No. IJWR-22-18146; Editor assigned: 08-Jul-2022, Pre QC No. IJWR-22-18146(PQ); Reviewed: 29-Jul-2022, QC No. IJWR-22-18146; Revised: 05-Aug-2022, Manuscript No. IJWR-22-18146(R); Published: 12-Aug-2022, DOI: 10.35248/2252-5211.22.12.483

Description

Land degradation, desertification and loss of biodiversity are the world’s most environmental challenges. It is occurs when the land cover is lost or removed, and causes vulnerable soil and organic matter which is to be washed or blown away. It is estimated that desertification affects about 33 % of global land surface, and over past 40 years the erosion has been removed nearly one-third of the world’s arable land from the production. Overexploitation of natural resources is the main reason for increasing land degradation.

The reversing of land degradation and increasing the soil organic carbon are one of the lowest-cost multiple-wins that includes climate change mitigation and adaptation, conservation of biodiversity, and increased food production.

It results in the form of various natural and anthropogenic activities that includes the loss of organic matter, decline in soil fertility, erosion, and effects of toxic chemicals. The influence of anthropogenic in climate variables are temperature, precipitation, and soil moisture which are considered as key drivers in land degradation. An increase of 1% of carbon stocks in soils would be higher than the corresponding amount to annual anthropogenic CO₂ emissions from fossil fuel burning.

The restore of degraded lands is especially important now because the demand for accessible productive lands has been increases with an increase in human population and increase in food consumption. It mainly occurs in dry land areas, that are more specifically arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas. A small increase in global soil organic carbon has a high impact on global carbon cycle and in atmospheric concentration of CO₂ .

The objectives of a Land Degradation are:

1. Improve ecosystem services;

2. Maintain productivity, in order to enhance food security;

3. Increase in resilience of land and populations dependent;

4. Seek synergies with environmental objectives;

5. Reinforce responsible of land tenure.

The sustainable land management can be accelerated through policy and financial instruments which increases the soil organic carbon in such a way that simultaneously it combats in desertification, which prevents biodiversity loss and helps in climate change mitigation and adaptation. Due to process of degradation the land becomes unfit for cultivation.

The contribution of land degradation results in climatic change, which releases the massive quantities of carbon. To overcome the problem lack of fertility in degraded soils, fast-growing nitrogenfixing trees such as actinorhizal plants in combination with bio fertilizers are used. The mineral processing in industries is one of the important reasons in land degradation.

It accelerates the soil erosion which degraded on land through extreme weather events that can increase the risk of forest fires. It promotes the awareness and sharing experience of multiple benefits that are provided by sustainable land management which ensures the soil organic carbon as an indicator of sustainable land management. When natural land such as a forest is converted into farmland, it removes the important nutrients and prevents recycling and replenishing of organic material.

Conclusion

Other measures which include treating the approaches that are land-based to climate change mitigation are as integral to global and national strategies. It can cause changes in the distribution of invasive species, vectors, pests and pathogens, influencing the occurrence of newly emerging diseases, such as zoonotic infections and vector-borne diseases, in areas without previous exposures, and airborne pollutants. Grinding of limestones, ceramic industries which release a huge amount of dust later settles down in surrounding areas. The livestock has a crucial role in land degradation, which causes deforestation to grow feed or run animals, overgrazing, or removal of animals from the land.