Journal of Carcinogenesis & Mutagenesis

Clinical and Molecular Insights into Lymphomatous

Maria Gonzalez^* Department of Haematology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
^*Correspondence: Maria Gonzalez, Department of Haematology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Email:

Received: 29-Oct-2025, Manuscript No. JCM-25-30871; Editor assigned: 31-Oct-2025, Pre QC No. JCM-25-30871 (PQ); Reviewed: 14-Nov-2025, QC No. JCM-25-30871; Revised: 21-Nov-2025, Manuscript No. JCM-25-30871 (R); Published: 28-Nov-2025, DOI: 10.35248/2157-2518.25.16.001

Description

Lymphomatous polyposis is a rare form of gastrointestinal lymphoma characterized by the presence of multiple polyp-like lesions throughout the intestinal tract. It represents a distinct clinical and pathological entity, often associated with mantle cell lymphoma, a subtype of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma NHL. The condition is notable for its diffuse involvement of the small and large intestines, which can result in a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms, including abdominal pain, diarrhoea, bleeding and, in severe cases, intestinal obstruction. The study of lymphomatous polyposis provides valuable insights into the behaviour of lymphoid malignancies in the gastrointestinal system, as well as their diagnosis, prognosis and management.

Histologically, lymphomatous polyposis is characterized by the infiltration of lymphoid cells into the mucosa and submucosa of the intestinal wall, leading to the formation of polypoid lesions. These lesions vary in size and number, often creating a widespread pattern of involvement that distinguishes the disease from isolated intestinal lymphomas. Immunophenotyping and molecular studies are essential for diagnosis, as the polyps typically express markers consistent with mantle cell lymphoma, including cyclin D1 overexpression due to the characteristic translocation. Accurate identification of these molecular features is critical for differentiating lymphomatous polyposis from other polyposis syndromes and gastrointestinal lymphomas, which may require distinct therapeutic approaches.

Clinically, patients with lymphomatous polyposis often present with nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms, which can delay diagnosis. Common manifestations include abdominal discomfort, changes in bowel habits, occult gastrointestinal bleeding and weight loss. In some cases, patients may develop protein-losing enteropathy or severe malabsorption due to extensive mucosal involvement. Endoscopic evaluation plays a central role in detecting multiple polypoid lesions and obtaining biopsy samples for histopathological and molecular analysis. Imaging studies, such as computed tomography and positron emission tomography, are used to assess the extent of disease and identify potential extranodal involvement, which is common in mantle cell lymphoma.

Management of lymphomatous polyposis requires a multidisciplinary approach, integrating haematology, gastroenterology, pathology and oncology expertise. Treatment typically follows protocols established for mantle cell lymphoma, including immunochemotherapy regimens that combine cytotoxic agents with monoclonal antibodies targeting B-cell antigens. Commonly used therapeutic combinations include rituximab with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone, among others. In selected cases, high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation may be considered, particularly in younger patients with aggressive disease. Symptomatic management is also critical, addressing complications such as bleeding, obstruction, or malabsorption. Endoscopic interventions may be necessary for localized obstruction or hemorrhage and supportive care, including nutritional supplementation, can improve quality of life.

Prognosis in lymphomatous polyposis varies depending on disease stage, patient age and response to therapy. Although mantle cell lymphoma is generally considered an aggressive subtype of lymphoma, patients with early detection and appropriate treatment can achieve meaningful remission. Molecular profiling and minimal residual disease monitoring have become important tools for guiding therapy and predicting outcomes. Despite advances in treatment, relapse is common and ongoing research into targeted therapies and novel immunotherapeutic approaches is essential for improving longterm survival. Emerging therapies, show promise in refractory or relapsed cases, offering potential for durable responses in patients with lymphomatous polyposis.

Understanding lymphomatous polyposis also contributes to broader insights into gastrointestinal lymphomas and polyposis syndromes. Its recognition emphasizes the need for comprehensive evaluation of patients presenting with multiple intestinal polyps, as distinguishing malignant from benign polyposis is essential for timely and appropriate management. Histological examination, Immunophenotyping and genetic analysis are indispensable in this process, providing definitive diagnosis and guiding therapeutic decisions. Furthermore, awareness of this condition among clinicians can facilitate earlier detection, mitigate complications and improve patient outcomes.

In conclusion, lymphomatous polyposis is a rare but clinically significant manifestation of mantle cell lymphoma with extensive involvement of the intestinal tract. Diagnosis relies on a combination of endoscopic evaluation, histopathology and molecular studies, while management requires systemic immunochemotherapy and supportive care. Prognosis depends on disease stage, therapeutic response and the availability of advanced treatment modalities, including targeted and cellular therapies. Continued research into the molecular mechanisms, early detection strategies and novel therapies for lymphomatous polyposis is essential to improve patient outcomes and expand our understanding of gastrointestinal lymphomas.