Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta

A General View on Oral Drugs

Tzanavara Paraskeva^* Department of Analytical Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
^*Correspondence: Tzanavara Paraskeva, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, Email:

Received: 02-Dec-2021 Published: 23-Dec-2021

Descripition

Oral drugs come in a variety of forms. They come in the form of solid tablets, capsules, chewable tablets, or lozenges that can be swallowed whole or sucked, as well as drinkable liquids like drops, syrups, or solutions.

Oral pharmaceutical chemicals don't usually enter the bloodstream until they reach the stomach or colon. In some cases, such as with lozenges, the medicine is absorbed by the mouth's lining.

Some active substances, such as laxatives and contrast agents, aren't supposed to be absorbed into the bloodstream in substantial amounts.

Tablets come in a wide range of shapes and sizes. They are simple to make and will last for a long time. One or more active chemicals are mixed with excipients and pressed into tablet shape.

Tablets without a coating are formed of powder or granulate that has been pressed tightly together. They normally have a dull surface if they aren't given a coating.

To avoid pills becoming trapped in food pipe and to ensure that there is enough liquid in stomach for the tablet to dissolve, water needs to be taken.

Fizzy tablets are consumed by dissolving them in a glass of water. They're ideal for people who have trouble swallowing pills, and because the medication has already dissolved by the time it reaches the stomach, they can have a quicker effect than tablets.

Chewable tablets and lozenges include active substances that are designed to have a throat effect, such as treating a sore throat, or that can be absorbed through the mouth lining. Chewing or sucking these tablets is an option.

The active substance is absorbed straight into the bloodstream through the mouth lining and disseminated throughout the body.

Capsules and chewable capsules

Capsules comprise a shell made of gelatin that contains the medication in powder, granulate, or liquid form. The active component is released after the shell dissolves in the stomach or bowel. Capsules are long-lasting and tasteless, and they keep even the most delicate active substances safe. Chewable capsules are also available, which you bite into to allow the active ingredient to be absorbed through the mouth lining.

Tablets and capsules that release medication over time

The active components in time-release tablets and capsules are released slowly. A time-release pill may contain enough active ingredients to last a full day and then release it evenly throughout the day. This offers the advantage of requiring only one tablet per day rather than several.

Granulates and powders

Some medications are provided as powders or granules. They are commonly consumed after being dissolved in water. Children's painkillers and antibiotics are among them.

Drops

The active component in drops is either the liquid itself or the active ingredient has been dissolved in liquid, commonly water or a mixture of water and alcohol. The dosage is expressed as a number of drops.

Syrups and liquid pharmaceuticals

One or more active components are frequently dissolved or suspended in water in liquid pharmaceuticals. The active element could alternatively be the liquid itself. Nowadays, most of these medications come with a measuring cup to assist you in getting the correct dosage. Liquid drugs are frequently used by those who have difficulty swallowing tablets. Syrups are concentrated sugar solutions containing medicine.