Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development

A General Overview of Fisheries and Aquaculture

¹Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco (Turin), Italy
^*Correspondence: Cristina Michele, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco (Turin), Italy, Email:

Received: 02-May-2022, Manuscript No. JARD-22-17590; Editor assigned: 06-May-2022, Pre QC No. JARD-22-17590 (PQ); Reviewed: 20-May-2022, QC No. JARD-22-17590; Revised: 27-May-2022, Manuscript No. JARD-22-17590 (R); Published: 03-Jun-2022, DOI: 10.35248/ 2161-1041.22.13.685

Description

Aquaculture is a thousand years old activity that has developed slowly, commonly by establishing on accumulated knowledge, recent advancements gained through farmers' professional interest, requires positive experience mistakes, and teamwork. As a result, it has developed for thousands of years, introducing into its organic, interpersonal, economic, and social surrounding environments. Aquaculture has benefited a lot from scientific development in the 20^th century and 21^st centuries. The result has been incredible growth, of aquaculture now providing more than half of the world’s largest food for human consumption (Source).

However, there have been critical environmental implications at the local, regional and global level. Social conflicts between consumers of terrestrial and freshwater resources (especially water) are one of the negative impacts, as it is the damage of critical ecosystem services. Moreover, recent aquaculture enterprises have stimulated concern, social and economic discussion, management focused: poor site development; habitat destruction (for example, mangrove forests); use of dangerous chemicals and feed additives; the effect of escaped prisoners on wild fisheries; ineffective or unsustainable development of fish and fish oil; and sociocultural impacts on fish farming workers around the world.

Fisheries and aquaculture provide a livelihood for nearly 1.5 billion people across the world. Even though, most of the other world’s largest fishing industry is still under severe attack from human stress and pressure such as overharvesting, environmental damage, and ecosystems change. Global warming is trying to warm the environment and oceans, changes in weather patterns. It has an effect on the water reliability which facilitates fish populations and tends to increase the frequency and intensity of extreme. A few inland lakes and water sources are slowly disappearing, while destructive floodwaters become more prevalent in other areas. These events have an effect on seasonal fluctuations of fish accessibility and fishing industries, as well as disrupting coastal community members' livelihood opportunities.

Fisheries are deals with sea foods. They are mainly concerned with catching, manufacturing, and selling fish. Aquaculture is related to the cultivation of both sea organisms and aquatic plants. Aquaculture is also called as "fish farming," it is the organic or managed agriculture of raw fish, and seaweed in both fresh and saltwater environments. Aquaculture and fisheries are interconnected, with very little difference. Aquaculture and fisheries both are concerned with producing and distribution of fish and aquatic products. However aquaculture and fisheries have many similar characteristics, they have some variations.

Fisheries are primarily concerned with the acquisition of fish farms or increasing and extracting of fish through aquaculture or fish farming. It is more than planting and fish harvesting. Aquaculture is the study of all aspects of aquatic life.

Aquaculture is also known as fish farming, fishing industry, or agriculture and fisheries, is the advertising, recreation activities, and systematic growth and agricultural practices of aquatic plants, animal life, and other living things. Fisheries management aims to create long-term biological, environmental, and socioeconomic economic advantages from sustainable energy aquatic resources. Fishing industry is an important source of proteins, vitamin supplements, and micro elements which are not found in such abundance or variability in crop production or other animal products. They accounted for nearly 17% of the animal protein consumed by several low-income rural populations. Variations of fish production are used worldwide for a wide variety of culture organisms in three types of environments (freshwater, brackish water, and sea).

Types of fisheries

• Small scale fisheries.

• Recreational fishing

• Commercial fishing.

• Subsistence fishing.

• Traditional fishing methods.

• Industrial fisheries.