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Alfredo Colombo
Department of Medical Oncology, CDC Macchiarella, Palermo, Italy
Publications
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Review Article
Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer: A Review
Author(s): Alfredo Colombo* and Concetta Maria Porretto
The results of the new randomized clinical trials show that immunotherapy is the preferred treatment for a small proportion of metastatic colorectal cancers. For Microsatellite Instability (MSI-H) metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC), pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and ipilimumab are the currently authorized first and second-line immune checkpoints. But the problem instead concerns tumors with Microsatellite Stability (MSS or MSI-L) where the "cold" microenvironment does not allow immunotherapy to function properly. All efforts are now aimed at being able to make this microenvironment inflamed and "Hot". In this review, we examine all recent studies on immunotherapy for mCRC and assess novel drivers of immunotherapy therapeutic response... View more»