Journal of Clinical Research & Bioethics

Rights to Health and Bioethical Issues Relating to Surrogacy

Michiel De Segers^* Department of Anatomical, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
^*Correspondence: Michiel De Segers, Department of Anatomical, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, Email:

Received: 28-Nov-2022, Manuscript No. JCRB-22-19411; Editor assigned: 02-Dec-2022, Pre QC No. JCRB-22-19411 (PQ); Reviewed: 16-Dec-2022, QC No. JCRB-22-19411; Revised: 23-Dec-2022, Manuscript No. JCRB-22-19411 (R); Published: 30-Dec-2022, DOI: 10.35248/2155-9627.22.13.447

Description

The traditional idea of parenthood has been impacted by contemporary advancements in Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART).Thousands of people leave their native countries each year to travel overseas in order to get around restrictive laws or to save money on fees. Surrogacy brings numerous bioethical and legal concerns in a comparable scenario. The key issues raised by the surrogacy controversy will be addressed in this essay, which will concentrate on international law and critically examine various legal frameworks. A growing number of prospective parents are travelling abroad for treatment due to the global variability in policies, legal frameworks, and access to ART. As even little financial compensation determines a sizable purchasing power, the lack of legislation on cross-border surrogacy in low income nations can damage the dignity and rights of women. The protection of surrogate women would have a strong legal foundation under an international agreement. Legislative uniformity is consequently required amongst the various governments to effectively protect women's rights and the world health by limiting the economic interests associated with procreative tourism.

Modern developments in Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) have altered how people traditionally see motherhood. Through the implantation of autologous or donor-derived embryos in the uterus of a gestational carrier, surrogacy is a crucial reproductive treatment that enables women with uterine defects, major medical conditions, and other pregnancy contraindications to become mothers. Similar to this, this method allowed gay couples and individuals to establish paternity by implanting embryos made from donor oocytes and autologous sperm into a carrier.

Traditional and gestational surrogacy is two distinct situations that can be separated based on the techniques used for fertilization and the features of the embryo. The intended father's sperm is really used to artificially inseminate the surrogate mother in the conventional method, who then gives birth and gives the kid to the selected parental pair. Contrarily, in the gestational mode the embryo is derived from various combinations of gametes that do not belong to the gestational carrier, hence the surrogate mother is not genetically connected to the child. In both traditional and gestational surrogacy, the surrogate experiences pregnancy and childbirth before handing the child over to prospective parents to care for during the child's subsequent stages of development.

The variety of reproductive options has gradually exacerbated ethical, legal, and social issues, which has forced legal regimes to change current laws to meet citizens' expectations. This pattern reflects the evolving bioethical views. Surrogacy is still viewed as a legal hurdle in jurisdictions where it is permitted because there are unanswered issues involving the rights of all parties involved. For instance, it is implausible to think that "commercial surrogacy" will end anytime soon given the surge in surrogacy's visibility and ubiquity. Indeed, it is possible for underprivileged women and girls to be pushed into a form of gestational slavery in both rich and developing nations, which is against human rights and global health policy.

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review (PRISMA) guidelines were followed for conducting the current systematic review. Retrospective and prospective research, letters to the editors, and reviews were all included in the study designs. These were downloaded in order to examine their reference lists similarly to other publications, but this didn't turn up any further potentially relevant studies. The focus of the search was on human research.

The discussion of the most important bioethical, social, and legal issues surrounding surrogacy demonstrates that the presence of the altruistic form prevents the practice from being completely morally or legally illegal. On the other hand, female exploitation is unquestionably a problem with commercial surrogacy.