Relationship between Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Hookworm Infections among School Children in Mbita, Kenya

Manabu Inoue^1*, Sachiyo Nagi², Evans Chadeka², Faith Mutungi³, Mayuko Osada-Oka^1,4, Kenji Ono⁵, Tetuya Oda⁵, Michinori Tanaka⁵, Yuriko Ozeki^1,6, Kalenda Dan Justin Yombo², Mayuko Okabe⁷, Mamiko Niki¹, Yukio Hirayama¹, Mitsuru Fukui⁸, Kazuo Kobayashi⁷, Makoto Matsumoto⁵, Masaaki Shimada⁹, Satoshi Kaneko⁹, Hisashi Ogura¹⁰, Yoshio Ichinose⁹, Sammy M Njenga³, Shinjiro Hamano² and Sohkichi Matsumoto^1,11*

¹Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan

²Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN) and the Global Center of Excellence, Nagasaki University, Japan

³Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control (ESACIPAC), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya

⁴Food Hygiene and Environmental Health Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Japan

⁵Microbiological Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Kagasuno, Kawauchi-cho, Japan

⁶Department of Food and Nutrition, Sonoda Women’s University, Japan

⁷Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan

⁸Department of Statistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan

⁹Nagasaki University Nairobi Research Station, NUITM-KEMRI Project, Nagasaki University, Japan

¹⁰Department of Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan

¹¹Department of Bacteriology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Japan