Journal of Biomolecular Research & Therapeutics

Nano Technology in the Regulation of Gene in Liver Disease

Asher Jeremy^* Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, USA
^*Correspondence: Asher Jeremy, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, USA, Email:

Received: 01-Nov-2022, Manuscript No. BOM-22-18957; Editor assigned: 04-Nov-2022, Pre QC No. BOM-22-18957(PQ); Reviewed: 18-Nov-2022, QC No. BOM-22-18957; Revised: 28-Nov-2022, Manuscript No. BOM-22-18957(R); Published: 05-Dec-2022, DOI: 10.35248/2167-7956.22.11.243

Description

Millions of people worldwide are impacted by hereditary genetic abnormalities, cancer and infectious liver illnesses which place a significant burden on public health. The majority of modern treatments which primarily focus on reducing disease symptoms. Nucleic acid based medications that regulate genes and show significant potential treatment strategy for disorders that start in the liver. However, because of their undesirable traits using nucleic acid therapies is difficult. Clinical translation of gene therapies has been made possible by the innovative development of Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP) delivery technology. LNPs have the ability to carry siRNA, mRNA, DNA or gene editing complexes to the possibility of treating hepatic illnesses by expressing therapeutic proteins, suppressing harmful genes. Here the most recent developments in LNP technology for hepatic gene therapy, including formulation design criteria, manufacturing processes, preclinical research and clinical use.

In the past few decades, survival rates have increased for practically all organ diseases, with the liver illness being a prominent exception. The Lancet Commission shows clearly for more potent therapeutic approaches and the widespread prevalence of liver problems. Hepatitis, liver cancer, alcoholic liver disease, fatty liver disease and genetic illnesses are the most common liver illnesses. These illnesses can have a major impact on the liver's ability to metabolize proteins, fats and carbohydrates in addition to having direct negative effects. Significant attempts have been made to create drugs that target the liver as a result of the rise in incidence rates of diseases choices and the ineffectiveness of currently available treatments. The development of therapies based on nucleic acids has made it possible for to treat liver illnesses by focusing on their genetic causes. Nucleic acid treatments have the ability to therapeutically regulate virtually any gene of interest at the DNA or RNA level, unlike small molecule medicines and biologics that target gene products. Their capacity to effectively induce gene silence gene expression and gene targeting makes them versatile in the treatment of hereditary or acquired illnesses originating in the liver. Hepatic lobules are the functional units that make up the liver. The liver's scavenger cells are exposed to LNP as nutrient and oxygen rich blood from the portal vein and hepatic artery travels through the lobules to the central vein . In contrast to liver-resident macrophages also known as Kupffer cells which are confined within the hepatic sinusoids, Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells (LSECs) line the sinusoidal veins. The most noticeable and crucial cell type for many disorders are hepatocytes. Many times all gene therapy methods for treating disorders originating in hepatocytes are collectively referred to as "liver gene therapy". Although hepatocytes dominate the liver, other cell types can interact with nanoparticles and influence how well they function. As liver illness progresses, micro anatomical or target receptor changes may also occur which may have an impact on the transport of nanoparticles. First, chronic cell damage and cell activation might result from metabolic diseases or liver infections. As a result, activated stellate cells may deposit fibrotic material in sinusoidal area or rearrange the liver.