Journal of Vascular Medicine & Surgery

Mechanism of Deep Vein Thrombosis and its Complications

Lapebie Riviere^* Department of Vascular Medicine, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
^*Correspondence: Lapebie Riviere, Department of Vascular Medicine, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France, Email:

Received: 02-Sep-2022, Manuscript No. JVMS-22-18453; Editor assigned: 06-Sep-2022, Pre QC No. JVMS-22-18453 (PQ); Reviewed: 20-Sep-2022, QC No. JVMS-22-18453; Revised: 27-Sep-2022, Manuscript No. JVMS-22-18453 (R); Published: 07-Oct-2022, DOI: 10.35248/2329-6925.22.S10.478

Description

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) is a type of Venous Thrombosis (VT) in which a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs or pelvis. DVT’s in the arms are prevalent. DVT’s can cause pain, swelling, redness, and enhanced veins in the affected region, but some deep vein thrombosis have no symptoms. Most common method of death from deep vein thrombosis is the possibility of a clot embolizing (detaching from the veins), travelling as an embolization through the right ventricle of the heart, or becoming implanted in a pulmonary artery that supplies blood to the lungs this is known as a Pulmonary Embolism (PE).

The cardiovascular disease of Venous Thrombo-Embolism (VTE) includes Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Embolism (PE). Post-thrombotic syndrome is the most common long-term DVT complication, and it can cause pain, swelling, heaviness, itching, and, in severe cases, wound infections. Chronic venous thrombo-embolism affects or around 30% of people 10 years after their initial VTE. Deep vein thrombosis formation is usually caused by a combination of decreased blood flow, increased clotting tendency, changes to the blood vessel wall, and inflammatory processes. Major injury, older age, effective disease, obesity, infection, inflammatory diseases, antiphospholipid syndrome, personal and family origins of venous thrombo-embolism, trauma, injuries, lack of flexibility, reproductive hormones pregnancy prevention, childbirth, and the period following delivery are all risk factors of venous thrombo-embolism. VTE has a strong genetic component that provides evidence for 50 to 60% of the variance in VTE percentages.

Complications of Deep Vein Thrombosis

The most significant deep vein thrombosis complication occurs when a component of the blood clot breaks off passes from the bloodstream to the lungs, causing a blood clot is known as Pulmonary Embolism (PE). Individuals can recover from PE if the clot is small as well as properly treated. However, a small amount of lung damage. If the clot is large enough, it can prevent the blood from reaching the lung tissue, which is fatal.

Furthermore, one-third to one-half of people who have a DVT will require constant complications caused by the blood clot's damage to the vein's control valve is known as Post-Thrombotic Syndrome (PTS). PTS patients may experience swelling, pain, hyperpigmentation, and in severe cases, transforming or inflammation in the affected area of the body. In some cases, the symptoms are dangerous such that the person becomes disabled. Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism can become chronic diseases for some people; approximately 30% of people who have experienced a DVT or PE are at risk for the next incident.

Symptoms of Deep Vein Thrombosis

A deep vein thrombosis usually develops in the veins of your legs or arms. Up to 30% of people with DVT have no symptoms, but the symptoms can be delicate. These are the symptoms of a chronic DVT: Swelling of leg or arm (sometimes this happens suddenly), The swollen or painful area of the leg or arm may be more warm than normal, Skin that is stained or red, the veins near the skin’s surface may be larger than normal. Abdominal pain or flank pain (when blood clots affect the veins deep inside the abdomen). Severe headache (usually of sudden depression) and seizures (when blood clots affect the veins of your brain). Pain and swelling in the leg or arm (may only happen when standing or walking). The main Symptoms of deep vein thrombosis are swelling of the legs, Leg pain, muscle pain, or back pain that usually begins in the calves; Varies in skin pigmentation on the leg, a heat phenomenon on the affected limb, Deep vein thrombosis can develop without caution.

Causes of Deep Vein Thrombosis

These conditions can increase the risk of improving a deep vein thrombosis: The consumption of tobacco products. The presence of varicose veins. By using birth control drugs or hormone replacement therapies. Utilization of a central vascular catheter or a heart condition, COVID-19 is prevalent. Cancer, as well as some of its treatments (chemotherapy). Being diagnosed with an autoimmune disease such as lupus, vacuities, or inflammatory bowel disease. Because of an injury, surgery, or immobilization, blood flow in a deep vein is reduced. Blood clots are highly possible if people have an inherited (genetic) condition.