Is Psychological Stress a Possible Risk Factor for Periodontal Disease? A Systematic Review1

Hassan S Halawany^1,2, Nimmi B Abraham², Vimal Jacob², Mohammad D. Al Amri³, Shankargouda Patil⁴ and Sukumaran Anil^1*

¹Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

²Dental Caries Research Chair, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

³Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

⁴Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India