Diabetes Case Reports

Importance of Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Significance

Roderburg Pullinger^* Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
^*Correspondence: Roderburg Pullinger, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, Email:

Received: 25-Feb-2022, Manuscript No. 2572-5629-22-16061; Editor assigned: 01-Mar-2022, Pre QC No. 2572-5629-22-16061 (PQ); Reviewed: 21-Mar-2022, QC No. 2572-5629-22-16061; Revised: 31-Mar-2022, Manuscript No. 2572-5629-22-16061 (R); Published: 11-Apr-2022, DOI: 10.35841/2572-5629-22.07.116

Description

Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the eyes. This is caused by damage to the blood vessels in the photosensitive tissue (Retina) behind the eye. Initially, diabetic retinopathy may cause no symptoms or only mild visual impairment. However, it can lead to blindness. This condition can occur in anyone with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The longer you have diabetes and the less control you have in your blood sugar, the more likely you are to develop this eye complication. If you have diabetes, it is important to have a comprehensive magnified eye exam at least once a year. Diabetic retinopathy may be asymptomatic at first, but early detection can help protect your eyesight. Managing diabetes by keeping your body active, eating a healthy diet, and taking medications can also help prevent or delay vision loss.

Causes and risk factors

Diabetic retinopathy results from the damage that diabetes causes to the small blood vessels of the retina. These damaged blood vessels can lead to loss of vision:

Fluid can leak to the macula, an area of the retina that causes clear central vision. Although small, the macula is part of the retina and you can see the colors and details. The fluid causes the macula to swell and cause vision problems.

New blood vessels can be formed on the surface of the retina to improve blood flow to the retina. These fragile, abnormal blood vessels can leak blood behind the eyes and impair vision.

All people with diabetes are in danger of extinction-people with type1 diabetes and type II diabetes. People's having diabetes for long time and the risk of developing eyepieces is high. Diagnosed diagnostic diagnosed diagnostic Americans 40 to 45 percent have several diabetic retinopathy. After 20 years of diabetes, 60% of the patients with almost all patients with type I diabetes and type II diabetes have the degree of retinopathy. A clear blood glucose threshold between high risk and low risk of diabetic retinopathy was adopted. The price listed is the proposed explanation, the difference between the research method, and the price of the prevalence in place of the incident value. During pregnancy, diabetic retinopathy may be a problem for diabetic women. National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommends a comprehensive eye examination for all pregnant women with diabetes.

Diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy

Drops are placed in the eye to dilate (enlarge) the pupil. This allows the ophthalmologist to see inside the eye through a special lens. Doctors can perform Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) to get a closer look at the retina. The machine scans the retina and provides a detailed image of its thickness. This helps doctors find and measure macular swelling.

Fluorescein angiography or OCT angiography helps doctors see what is happening to the blood vessels in the retina. Fluorescein angiography uses a yellow dye called fluorescein that is injected into a vein (usually the arm). The dye travels through the blood vessels. A special camera takes a picture of the retina as the dye passes through the blood vessels. This indicates whether the blood vessels are clogged or fluid is leaking. It also indicates whether abnormal blood vessels are growing. OCT angiography is a new technique that does not require dyes to observe blood vessels.