Journal of Allergy & Therapy

Effects of Subcutaneous Immunotherapy (SCIT) on Allergy Management

Wenzel Zink^* Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
^*Correspondence: Wenzel Zink, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea, Email:

Received: 28-Jul-2023, Manuscript No. JAT-23-23061 ; Editor assigned: 01-Aug-2023, Pre QC No. JAT-23-23061 (PQ); Reviewed: 18-Aug-2023, QC No. JAT-23-23061 ; Revised: 25-Aug-2023, Manuscript No. JAT-23-23061 (R); Published: 01-Sep-2023, DOI: 10.35248/2156-6121.23.14.359

Description

Subcutaneous Immunotherapy (SCIT), often referred to as allergy shots, has emerged as a transformative treatment in the realm of allergy management. It represents a significant advancement in the field, offering long-term relief for individuals suffering from various allergic conditions. In this comprehensive exploration, we will delve into the field of SCIT, understanding its mechanisms, effectiveness, applications, benefits, and considerations.

Understanding Subcutaneous Immunotherapy (SCIT)

SCIT is a form of allergen-specific immunotherapy designed to modify the body's immune response to allergens. It involves the subcutaneous injection of small, controlled amounts of allergens, typically administered in the upper arm. These injections are initially administered with increasing doses during a build-up phase, followed by regular maintenance injections.

The primary goal of SCIT is twofold: Desensitization and tolerance induction. Desensitization aims to reduce the sensitivity of the immune system to specific allergens, resulting in decreased allergic symptoms. Tolerance induction seeks to reprogram the immune system, teaching it not to overreact when exposed to allergens, ultimately leading to fewer and milder allergic responses.

Mechanisms of Subcutaneous Immunotherapy (SCIT)

The success of SCIT lies in its ability to retrain the immune system's response to allergens. The key mechanisms include:

Initial build-up phase: SCIT begins with a build-up phase during which patients receive increasing doses of allergens through regular injections. These doses are carefully calibrated to minimize the risk of allergic reactions while promoting desensitization.

Maintenance phase: Once the target maintenance dose is reached, patients continue to receive regular injections at longer intervals, typically every few weeks or months. This phase sustains and reinforces the desensitization and tolerance induction achieved during the build-up phase.

Immune modulation: SCIT alters the immune system's response to allergens. It shifts the immune response from an allergic, inflammatory reaction to a more tolerogenic and less reactive state. This shift results in fewer and milder allergic symptoms.

Benefits and considerations of Subcutaneous Immunotherapy (SCIT)

SCIT offers a range of benefits for individuals struggling with allergies, but it is significant to weigh these advantages against certain considerations:

Long-term relief: One of the most significant advantages of SCIT is the potential for long-lasting relief. Even after the treatment is completed, many patients continue to experience reduced allergy symptoms for years.

Reduced medication dependency: Successful SCIT often leads to a decreased reliance on allergy medications, including antihistamines, decongestants, and corticosteroids.

Prevention of disease progression: Treating allergies with SCIT may prevent the progression of allergic diseases. For instance, addressing allergic rhinitis may reduce the risk of developing more severe conditions like allergic asthma.

Targeting the root cause: Unlike symptomatic relief medications, which merely manage symptoms, SCIT addresses the root cause of allergies by modifying the immune response itself.

Improved quality of life: Many patients report a significantly improved quality of life following successful SCIT. They can enjoy outdoor activities and environments that once triggered debilitating allergic reactions.

Subcutaneous Immunotherapy (SCIT) has emerged as a transformative treatment in the management of allergic diseases. It offers the potential of long-term relief, reduced medication dependency, and the prevention of disease progression. However, it requires a significant time commitment and consideration of costs and safety. As research continues, SCIT is likely to become more personalized and accessible, providing even greater benefits to individuals with allergies. The decision to pursue SCIT should be made in consultation with a qualified healthcare provider, who can assess an individual's specific needs and circumstances.