Journal of Liver

Effect of COVID 19 on Liver Abnormalities

Albert Chan^* Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325000, China
^*Correspondence: Albert Chan, Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325000, China, Email:

Received: 01-Mar-2022, Manuscript No. JLR-22-16092; Editor assigned: 04-Mar-2022, Pre QC No. JLR-22-16092(PQ); Reviewed: 18-Mar-2022, QC No. JLR-22-16092; Revised: 25-Mar-2022, Manuscript No. JLR-22-16092(R); Published: 04-Apr-2022, DOI: 10.35248/ 2329-6925.22.11.132

Description

The incidence of liver damage after 2019 coronavirus infection (COVID-19) ranged from 15% to 53%. This mechanism includes direct viral cytopathic effects, cytokinesis, and drug-induced liver damage. Symptoms are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and loss of appetite. Test results include elevated liver enzymes, decreased monocyte counts, and increased prothrombin time. The most common imaging findings are hepatomegaly on ultrasound, frosted opacity on chest Computer Tomography (CT), and low density of fat chains around the liver and gallbladder on abdominal CT. Patients may also have different symptoms and poor outcomes of different liver disorders associated with COVID-19 infection. Liver Function Test (LFT) results should be monitored and all factors known to cause or predispose to liver damage should be evaluated during treatment of the patient. The risk of hospitalization to the intensive care unit, the need for mechanical ventilation support, and acute renal failure is higher in patients with COVID-19 with abnormal LFT than in those who do not. Both increased mortality and length of stay are observed.

During the preceding SARS epidemic, round 60% of sufferer’s evolved diverse ranges of liver damage, and MERS-CoV brought about pathological adjustments along with lymphocytic portal inflammation, perivenular congestion, hemorrhage, and lack of hepatocyte. Based on genome collection homology and it's miles feasible that COVID-19 is additional reason for liver damage. It is well known; the principle motive of mortality in COVID-19 contamination is higher and decrease respiration tract contamination-associated respiration failure. But there's nonetheless a few extrapulmonary involvement of SARS-CoV-2 contamination in organs which includes the liver, kidneys, or heart. The liver is one of the maximum affected organs apart from the respiration gadget in COVID-19 contamination. Those who had liver harm because of COVID-19 contamination had better ranges of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Transaminase (AST), general bilirubin, and decrease serum albumin. Another observer said that mortality and the severity of COVID-19 infections had been substantially associated with liver disorder and elevated AST ranges. In addition, those COVID-19 sufferers with preexisting liver ailment are at better chance for hospitalization and death. Herein the complete study regarding the evaluation of liver damage because of COVID-19 contamination, along with prevalence, pathophysiology, mechanism, signs and symptoms and causes, laboratory data, photograph presentation, the scenario with concomitant liver diseases (viral hepatitis, fatty liver, liver cirrhosis, hepatoma), management has been carried out. Because liver damage can be multifactorial and heterogeneous in nature, assessing its clinical relevance requires comprehensive assessment and continuous monitoring during the course of the disease. Most importantly, it is necessary to determine whether liver damage is associated with the underlying liver disease, the drugs used to treat it, the direct action of the virus, or the dysregulation of the innate immune response. According to reports from the United States, 25% of patients with COVID 19 had liver damage. In such patients, elevated liver enzymes (AST and ALT) were usually less than 5 times the upper bound, and elevated inflammatory markers were observed in severe cases. The median age of liver dysfunction after COVID19 infection was 50 years, with males predominant (56%). Only 2% of cases had preexisting liver disease. There was no correlation between the presence of Acute Liver Injury (ALI) and gastrointestinal symptoms, but elevated AST and ALT levels increased the rate of hospitalization in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).

In most cases, the virus has a direct cytopathic effect on hepatocytes and bile duct cells. The proposed mechanism of viral entry is mediated by the host angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, vascular endothelium, and hepatobiliary cells. In addition, approximately 10% of COVID19 patients suffer from diarrhea and SARSCoV2RNA has been detected in fecal and blood samples. Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) released by damaged bile duct cells indicates potential viral exposure in the liver. GGT was found to increase in 30 (54%) of 56 patients with COVID-19 during hospitalization.