Journal of Blood Disorders & Transfusion

Abstract

Incidence of CD36 Antibody Induced Alloimmunisation and CD36 Deficiency Distribution among Different Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Yutian Wang and Denise E. Jackson*

Alloimmunisation, such as Platelet Transfusion Refractoriness (PTR), is an immune response to foreign compounds upon host exposure to foreign antigens. Alloimmunisation can cause life-threatening effects in patients. Recent studies have reported alloimmunisation from CD36 deficiency, and the risk of alloimmunisation produced by anti- CD36 antibodies. This study aimed to determine the risk of anti-CD36 antibody-induced alloimmunisation in global populations. This systematic review used the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science as databases to search for relevant articles from 1995 to 2023. The meta-analysis used OpenMeta Analyst software to perform the one-arm analysis with binary random effect and maximum likelihood methods using arcsine transformed proportion.

Alloimmunisation caused by CD36 antibody, with an overall rate of 0.83% (P-value<0.001; I²=79.71; 95% C.I. [0.002, 0.027]). CD36 gene mutation rate in the CD36 deficiency population (rate=65.22%, P-value<0.001, I²=75.52, 95% C.I. [0.554, 0.836]). CD36 deficiency rate in different ethnicities included Asians with 2.90% (P-value<0.001, I²=85.49, 95% C.I. [0.020, 0.033]), 4.59% in African (P-value<0.001, I²=36.31, 95% C.I. [0.032, 0.060]) and 0.61% in Caucasian (P-value=0.013, I²=92.23, 95% C.I. [0.000, 0.020]). The rate of deficiency among different areas of Asia: 3.51% for North-East Asia (P-value<0.001, I²=63.07, 95% C.I. [0.022, 0.059]) and 3.62% for South-East Asia (P-value<0.001, I²=83.82, 95% C.I. [0.025, 0.039]). This study concluded that CD36 deficient populations with gene mutations are at risk of anti-CD36 alloimmunisation and Fetal and Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia (FNAIT).

Published Date: 2024-02-28; Received Date: 2024-01-22